Level B2 (System Design Q&A)275 words • ~2 min
Databases & Distributed Systems: Technical Interview Q&A
By System Design Series
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Full-Stack Architecture: Interview Q&A
Technical Q&AInterview QuestionType question & model answer below
What are the core pillars of modern full-stack web architecture?
Q: What are the core pillars of modern full-stack web architecture? A: Modern full-stack architecture combines reactive React frontends, type-safe backends, automated CI/CD pipelines, and scalable cloud infrastructure.
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Technical Interview Questions & Model Answers
Q1When should you select a relational database like MySQL over a document database?
Answer: Choose relational databases when strict ACID transactional guarantees, foreign-key relationships, and normalized tables with complex multi-table joins are vital for data integrity.
Q2How does an inverted index in search engines enable rapid full-text discovery?
Answer: An inverted index maps every unique token to a posting list of document identifiers, allowing the engine to locate matching records in constant time without full table scans.
Q3Why is cursor-based pagination superior to offset-based pagination for high-volume feeds?
Answer: Offset pagination incurs O(N) database performance degradation by reading and discarding preceding records, whereas cursor pagination queries directly against indexed sequential keys in O(1) time.
Q4What architectural benefits does Redis provide as an in-memory data store?
Answer: Redis delivers sub-millisecond read and write latency for cache caching, distributed session tokens, rate limiting counters, and pub/sub message broadcasting.
Q5Why are asynchronous message queues essential for decoupled distributed systems?
Answer: Asynchronous queues buffer high-volume workloads and decouple long-running operations like document conversion and web scraping from user-facing HTTP request cycles.
Key Vocabulary in this Story
synchronization/ˌsɪŋ.krə.nəˈzeɪ.ʃən/noun
The coordination of events or data state to operate in unison across distributed systems.
sự đồng bộ hóa
pagination/ˌpædʒ.əˈneɪ.ʃən/noun
The sequence of numbers assigned to pages in a book, document, or queried dataset.
phân trang dữ liệu
decouple/diːˈkʌp.əl/verb
Separate or disengage components so that one may operate without directly depending on the other.
tách rời / giảm phụ thuộc
indexing/ˈɪn.deks.ɪŋ/noun
The process of creating specialized data structures on database columns to accelerate query lookups.
lập chỉ mục tìm kiếm